Although it is a tank model equation, it can provide great insight for the practicing reservoir engineer. The material balance is the fundamental tool of chemical engineering. This observation is expressed mathematically in equation 1. Apr 08, 20 this is a part of lecture presented by ms. The material balance as an equation of a straight line. A critical saturation may need to develop before the onset of gas movement. Mass of individual component entering and leaving the process. In the figure, the production activities of the economic system are represented by the circle called production sector. Enhancing the material balance equation for shale gas. Presents a general approach for solving simple material balances.
Following this little piece of material, there is no addition or removal from it. Equation for each element which is called element material balance if there is a chemical reaction. Material balance is an accounting of material entering or leaving a system. A differential balance is a material balance at a given instant in time and deals with rates, that is, amountunit time.
Made by faculty at the university of colorado boulder department of. Below, find the essential mbe, stripped clean of any theoretical discussion. For a flotation circuit, material balance calculations define an engineering problem where flow parameters between unit operations are partly known. Be sure to read carefully through all the examples in this chapter.
Above bubble point note that water influx is in cumulative reservoir barrels. The key concepts are best learned by problem solving. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. Material balance calculations for petroleum reservoirs in 1936, schilthuis developed a general material balance equation that can be applied to all reservoir types. If there is no chemical reaction the number of equations that can be written is equal to the number of components in the system.
Material balance lecture, btech by ms meenakshi youtube. Typically, a differential material balance may be written more precisely in a mathematical form as where dmdt denotes the rate of change of the material, gand cdenote the rate of generation and consumption. Initial adsorbed gas in place, ga initial free gas in place, gf create an equation that generates a linearline. The free gas may remain distributed throughout the reservoir as insoluble bubbles. Material balance calculation an overview sciencedirect. Chapter eight the material balance equation mbe the material balance equation mbe has long been recognized as one of the basic tools of reservoir engineers for interpreting and predicting reservoir performance. Material balance planning encompassed nonlabor inputs the distribution of consumer goods and allocation of labor was left to market mechanisms. Basic principles and calculations in chemical engineering. From each separate point, a calculation is made and the results of these calculations are averaged. Material balance equation an overview sciencedirect topics. The video is about mass balance in chemical industries.
The basic requirements for the application of material balance to a reservoir include. It relates the reservoir pressure to the cumulative drygas production and contains as parameters the zfactor of the reservoir gas, the amount of drygas initiallyinplace and the hydrocarbon porevolume. Basic principles and calculations in chemical engineering first year by assist. Given xd, xf, r, and the equilibrium data, the equilibrium stages can be determined by successively solving the equilibrium relation and the material balance at each stage. Using the havlena and odeh method, show how material balance can be used to determine initial oilinplace in a volumetric reservoir with solution gas drive and known water influx. The material balance equation is directly linked to original gas in place. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Using the havlena and odeh method, show how material balance can be used to determine initial oilinplace in a volumetric reservoir with solution gas drive and known water. The relationship between the environment and the economy can be depicted by means of material balance model. This study presents an advanced, rigorous gas material balance equation and its plotting function that unifies all the previously mentioned modifications in one equation. In order to consider production of an unconventional gas reservoir, a sufficient amount of gas in place within the reservoir is a concern.
Includes an example of independent versus dependent equations. While this method has proven to be very good, it is limited to a constant flow rate, and fails when the flow rate varies. The material balance equation is the simplest expression of the conservation of mass in a reservoir. As production continues, the accuracy and reliability of the estimates obtained from rta, material balance, and decline analysis increases. Hence simple material balance equations have to be changed slightly for getting the right balance. Starting at xd, y1 is evaluated, for a total condenser y1 xd. This circle represents all productive activities in the economic system, such as agriculture, factories, warehouses, mines, transportation and other public. Three type of material balance equations can be formulated. Material balance calculations using the excel spreadsheet. The general material balance equation relates the original oil, gas, and water in the reservoir to production volumes and current pressure conditions fluid properties. Apr 30, 2014 presents a general approach for solving simple material balances.
Pdhonline course m239 4 pdh introduction to material and energy balance 2012 instructor. The general material balance equation relates the original oil, gas, and water in the reservoir to production volumes and current pressure conditions. Cbe2124, levicky 1 chapter 4 material balances note. Material balance analysis is an interpretation method used to determine original fluidsinplace ofip based on production and static pressure data. In this course, learncheme covers engineering calculations, process variables, single unit material balances, multipleunit material balances, equations of state, phase equilibrium, energy balances, and balances involving reactions. Chapter 3 the general material balance equation 73 3. Material balance calculations for gas reservoirs for a singlephase gas reservoir, the mb equation takes the form. The movement of free gas will depend on several factors, one is the gasoil relative permeability curve. Equation for each component which is called component material balance. Thus, material balances are often compared to the balancing of current accounts. Material and energy balances cosmolearning chemical. Material balance calculations using the excel spreadsheet introduction material balance is a fundamental petroleum reservoir engineering tool that can be used to provide an understanding of a reservoir and the influence of any connecting aquifer. Integrating all the techniques provides more reliable answers than relying solely on any one method.
In such systems, the mass balance simply states that everything that was present in the system at some initial time must be there at all later times, albeit perhaps in different forms. They are used in industry to calculate mass flow rates of different streams entering or leaving chemical or physical processes. What a mathematical model means will be made clearer by the examples contained in these notes. For shale, this usually means it is a hydrocarbon source that generated large volumes of either thermal or biogenic gas. Screencasts covering topics in material and energy balances. Enhancing the material balance equation for shale gas reservoirs. The video is helpful for chemical engineering students. Material balance calculation an overview sciencedirect topics. This material balance equation is still used widely for interpreting and prediction the performance of reservoirs. We do this using the material balance equation developed by schilthuis in 1941 well, well if that isnt yet another famous old dutchie. This equation which is the material balance for component a is called the operating line. The new gas material balance equation has the same format as traditional material bal. The equations may include material balances, an energy balance to be discussed in later chapters, information from the problem statement not already listed on the flowchart, physical properties and laws e.
Two main types of material balances are commonly made. The purpose of a material balancing is to mathematically examine the known flow parameters to solve for the unknown flow parameters. For those who wish to wade deeper, see references at the end. Pdf chapter 3material balance4 pudding sin academia. Chapter page 6 introduction to material balance 3 7 general strategy for solving material balance problems 166 8 solving material balance problems for single units without reaction. Material balance equations department of petroleum engineering and applied geophysics professor jon kleppe norwegian university of science and technology august 21, 2017 6 material balance equation for a closed gas reservoir the material balance equation for a closed gas reservoir is very simple. In a material balance sheet, the major sources of supply and demand are drawn up in a table that achieves a rough balance between the two through an iterative process. Therefore, the word equation for both the total balance and component balances is in out. This type of model excludes fluid flow inside the reservoir, and considers fluid and rock expansioncompression effects only, in addition, of course, to fluid injection and.
Material balance notes irven rinard department of chemical. Lecture 6 mass balance questions and answers 1 only one of the following is the essential approximation made when assuming steady state. The material balance equation used by reservoir engi neers is arranged algebraically, resulting in an equation of a straight line. Material balance equation as a straight line normally, when using the material balance equation, each pressure and the corresponding production data is considered as being a separate point from other pressure values. Introduction to material and energy balance 2012 instructor. The straight line method of analysis imposes an additional necessary condition that a successf ul solution of the material balance equation should meet. The calculation treats the reservoir as a large tank of material and uses quantities that can be measured to determine the amount of a material that cannot be directly. The simple material balance equation can be slightly misleading as the vapor pore volume is decreased by the condensation below the dew point of the hydrocarbons. The law of conservation of mass is the basis of material balance calculations. In some systems, no material enters or leaves the cv, and the rate of change is not considered important. The equation mathematically defines the different producing mechanisms and effectively relates the reservoir fluid and rock expansion to the subsequent fluid withdrawal.
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